Input Types in C

Summary: This C program demonstrates how to read a character, a word (string without spaces), and a full sentence (including spaces) from user input using different formats of scanf().

#include <stdio.h>
#include <string.h>
#include <math.h>
#include <stdlib.h>

int main() 
{
    char ch;
    char s[100];
    char sentence[100];

    // Read a single character
    scanf("%c", &ch);

    // Read a string (until whitespace)
    scanf("%s", s);

    // Consume the leftover newline character before reading the sentence
    scanf("\n");

    // Read a sentence (until newline)
    scanf("%[^\n]", sentence);

    // Print outputs as required
    printf("%c\n", ch);
    printf("%s\n", s);
    printf("%s\n", sentence);
    return 0;
}

Explanation:

Character Input:
scanf("%c", &ch) reads a single character including whitespace (e.g., newline), which is why it must be placed first or carefully handled.

String Input:
scanf("%s", s) reads a string without spaces (stops at the first whitespace character).

Consuming Newline:
scanf("\n") consumes the leftover newline character in the input buffer from the previous scanf() call to prevent it from affecting the next input.

Sentence Input:
scanf("%[^\n]", sentence) reads the rest of the line including spaces until a newline character is found.

Output:
Each input is printed on a new line using printf() to verify successful reading and format consistency.